Hábitos saludables y prevención de la osteoporosis en mujeres perimenopáusicas de un ámbito rural / Healthy habits and osteoporosis prevention in perimenopausal women from rural areas

Objetivos La posibilidad de padecer osteoporosis disminuye, entre otros factores, con un aporte adecuado de vitamina D, dieta equilibrada y aumentando la actividad física. En este estudio evaluamos si una intervención educativa mejora comportamientos relacionados con la prevención de la osteoporosis en mujeres perimenopáusicas de un ámbito rural. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con intervención educativa. Variables: actividad física, ingesta de calcio y exposición solar en mujeres rurales de 45-54 años (n=216) en el momento 0 y 12 meses después de la intervención. Grupo control (n=106): se envió información por correo (mes 0). Grupo intervención (n=110): se impartieron dos talleres interactivos (mes 0) sobre factores de prevención. Resultados El grupo de intervención, pero no el control, a los 12 meses de la intervención había aumentado la actividad física (p=0,006), la exposición al sol (p=0,029) y la ingesta de calcio (53% a 64%). Conclusiones Una sencilla intervención educativa en mujeres perimenopáusicas mejora hábitos saludables para la prevención de la osteoporosis (AU)

Objective The probability of developing osteoporosis decreases with an adequate supply of vitamin D, a balanced diet, and increased physical activity. In this study, we evaluated whether an educational intervention improves osteoporosis-related behavior in perimenopausal women from rural areas. Methods A randomized experimental evaluation was performed of an educational intervention. The variables were physical activity, calcium intake and sun exposure in women from rural areas aged 45-54 years (n=216) at time 0 and 12 months after the educational intervention. In the control group (n=106), the information was sent by surface mail (month 0). In the intervention group (n=110), two interactive workshops were given (month 0). The topic of the workshops and the information sent by surface mail was healthy habits for osteoporosis prevention. Results After 12 months, the intervention group, but not the control group, had increased their physical activity (p=0.006), sun exposure (p=0.029), and calcium intake (53% to 64%).Conclusion A simple educational intervention in perimenopausal women from rural areas improved healthy habits for osteoporosis prevention (AU)

[Healthy habits and osteoporosis prevention in perimenopausal women from rural areas]. / Hábitos saludables y prevención de la osteoporosis en mujeres perimenopáusicas de un ámbito rural.

OBJECTIVE: The probability of developing osteoporosis decreases with an adequate supply of vitamin D, a balanced diet, and increased physical activity. In this study, we evaluated whether an educational intervention improves osteoporosis-related behavior in perimenopausal women from rural areas. METHODS: A randomized experimental evaluation was performed of an educational intervention. The variables were physical activity, calcium intake and sun exposure in women from rural areas aged 45-54 years (n=216) at time 0 and 12 months after the educational intervention. In the control group (n=106), the information was sent by surface mail (month 0). In the intervention group (n=110), two interactive workshops were given (month 0). The topic of the workshops and the information sent by surface mail was healthy habits for osteoporosis prevention. RESULTS: After 12 months, the intervention group, but not the control group, had increased their physical activity (p=0.006), sun exposure (p=0.029), and calcium intake (53% to 64%). CONCLUSION: A simple educational intervention in perimenopausal women from rural areas improved healthy habits for osteoporosis prevention.

Intervención educativa para la prevención de osteoporosis en un servicio de Atención Primaria rural / Educational intervention for the prevention of osteoporosis in a rural Primary Healthcare service

Fundamento y objetivo: Determinar si una intervención educativa en mujeres perimenopáusicas rurales consigue cambios cuantificables en comportamientos de riesgo relacionados con la osteoporosis. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de grupos paralelos: 216 mujeres (45-54 años) de un servicio de Atención Primaria rural. Se recogieron preintervención y postintervención: índice de masa corporal (IMC), densitometría y analítica (calcio [Ca], parathormona [PTH]). Grupo intervención (n1 = 110): 2 talleres interactivos sobre prevención de osteoporosis. Grupo control (n2 = 106): información por correo.Resultados: Tras la intervención educativa, el grupo intervención mantuvo su IMC, aumentó su densidad mineral ósea (DMO) (p < 0,001) y disminuyó los niveles de Ca (p ≤ 0,048) y PTH (p < 0,001). El grupo control aumentó su IMC (p < 0,001) y su DMO (p ≤0,048), mantuvo sus niveles de Ca y disminuyó los de PTH (p = 0,01). Conclusiones: La mejoría de parámetros objetivos relacionados con la osteoporosis indica la validez de la educación sanitaria como medida preventiva en este grupo de mujeres. Sería interesante analizar la repercusión de esta mejoría a largo plazo en términos de reducir la incidencia de osteoporosis y de fracturas (AU)

Background and objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether an educational intervention in perimenopausal women in rural environments achieves significant changes in risk behaviors related to osteoporosis. Material and methods: Randomized clinical trials of parallel groups: 216 women (45-54 years old) of a rural Primary Healthcare service. Pre- and post- intervention were covered: body mass index (BMI), densitometry and blood test (calcium [Ca], parathormone [PTH]). Intervention group (n1 = 110): 2 interactive workshops on the prevention of osteoporosis. Control group (n2 = 106): information by post. Results: After the educational intervention, the intervention group maintained its BMI, increased its bone mineral density (BMD) (P < .001) and decreased the Ca (P ≤ .048) and PTH (P < .001) levels. The control group increased its BMI (P < .001) and its BMD (P ≤ .048), maintained its Ca levels and decreased the PTH values (P = .01).Conclusions: The improvement in the objective parameters related to osteoporosis indicates the importance of health education as a preventive measure in this group of women. It would be interesting to analyze the repercussions of this improvement on a long-term basis in terms of reducing the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures (AU)

[Educational intervention for the prevention of osteoporosis in a rural primary healthcare service]. / Intervención educativa para la prevención de osteoporosis en un servicio de Atención Primaria rural.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether an educational intervention in perimenopausal women in rural environments achieves significant changes in risk behaviors related to osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized clinical trials of parallel groups: 216 women (45-54 years old) of a rural Primary Healthcare service. Pre- and post- intervention were covered: body mass index (BMI), densitometry and blood test (calcium [Ca], parathormone [PTH]). Intervention group (n1=110): 2 interactive workshops on the prevention of osteoporosis. Control group (n2=106): information by post. RESULTS: After the educational intervention, the intervention group maintained its BMI, increased its bone mineral density (BMD) (P<.001) and decreased the Ca (P ≤.048) and PTH (P<.001) levels. The control group increased its BMI (P<.001) and its BMD (P ≤.048), maintained its Ca levels and decreased the PTH values (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in the objective parameters related to osteoporosis indicates the importance of health education as a preventive measure in this group of women. It would be interesting to analyze the repercussions of this improvement on a long-term basis in terms of reducing the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures.

Cáncer de pulmón y EPOC: una asociación frecuente / Lung Cancer and COPD: a Common Combination

Introducción y objetivoAnalizar la frecuencia, las características y la supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón (CP) y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), comparándolas con las de pacientes sin EPOC.Material y métodosSe ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados de CP mediante citohistología. Se estimó la supervivencia por el método de Kaplan-Meier. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 15.0.ResultadosSe diagnosticó de CP a 996 pacientes, el 39,8% con EPOC. La edad media (± desviación estándar) de estos últimos era de 70±9,19 años. En cuanto a los estadios GOLD, el 18,2% se encontraba en estadio I, el 53,6% en estadio II, el 24% en estadio III y el 4,2% en estadio IV. Según la citohistología, el 48,2% de los CP eran escamosos, el 22% adenocarcinomas y el 22,5% microcíticos. La supervivencia fue mayor en el grupo con EPOC.ConclusionesEl CP y la EPOC se asocian en un 39,8% de los casos. La estirpe más frecuente del CP es la escamosa y la supervivencia es mayor en el grupo con EPOC(AU)

Background and objectiveTo analyse frequency, characteristics and patient survival with lung cancer (LC) and COPD, comparing them with patients without COPD.Material and methodsA retrospective study, of patients diagnosed by means of cytohistology. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0.ResultsA total of 996 patients were diagnosed, 39.8% COPD. Mean age70±9.19 years. GOLD stages: I 18.2%, II 53.6%, III 24%, IV 4.2%. The histological types: squamous cell carcinoma 48.2%, adenocarcinoma 22%, small cell carcinoma 22.5%. Survival was longer in the COPD group.ConclusionsLC and COPD are combined in 39.8%. Squamous cell type is more frequent and survival was longer in the COPD group(AU)

[Lung cancer and COPD: a common combination]. / Cáncer de pulmón y EPOC: una asociación frecuente.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyse frequency, characteristics and patient survival with lung cancer (LC) and COPD, comparing them with patients without COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study, of patients diagnosed by means of cytohistology. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: A total of 996 patients were diagnosed, 39.8% COPD. Mean age 70+/-9.19 years. GOLD stages: I 18.2%, II 53.6%, III 24%, IV 4.2%. The histological types: squamous cell carcinoma 48.2%, adenocarcinoma 22%, small cell carcinoma 22.5%. Survival was longer in the COPD group. CONCLUSIONS: LC and COPD are combined in 39.8%. Squamous cell type is more frequent and survival was longer in the COPD group.

Programa poblacional de cribado de sordera neonatal en Galicia: organización y resultados 2002-2007 / No disponible

Introducción. La detección precoz del déficit auditivo en el periodo neonatal permite instaurarun programa de rehabilitación temprana para mejorar la capacidad de comunicación de los niños afectadospor déficit de audición. Con este objetivo se han iniciado en los sistemas sanitarios de muchospaíses programas poblacionales de cribado de hipoacusia a los recién nacidos.Material y métodos. La población objetivo la constituyen todos los recién nacidos en Galicia. Elprograma fue implantado de forma progresiva desde mayo del 2002 hasta junio del 2008 en todoslos hospitales de la red pública gallega y en algunos hospitales privados. La prueba de cribado consisteen la realización de potenciales evocados auditivos automatizados. Se realiza preferentementeantes del alta hospitalaria. Las unidades de cribado están integradas por personal del propio centro.El personal de enfermería es el encargado de realizar la prueba de cribado de forma habitual en sujornada laboral. Si antes de que el niño abandone el centro se obtiene un resultado positivo de laprueba, tanto unilateral como bilateral, el niño es derivado para confirmación diagnóstica.Resultados. Tanto la cobertura como la participación aumentaron desde un 46 y un 69,11% en2002 a un 89 y un 99,78% respectivamente en 2007, con un total de 80.166 niños cribados en los 6años de funcionamiento. La tasa de derivación global fue de 0,84% y el número de casos diagnosticadosde hipoacusia fue de 64, lo que sitúa la tasa de detección global en 0,80 por mil niños cribados.Conclusiones. La aceptación de la prueba ha sido muy buena, hecho que se refleja en la altaparticipación que alcanzó, el 99% en 2003, manteniéndose en años sucesivos. La tasa de derivaciónobservada —0,84%— es relativamente baja, por lo que está siendo motivo de estudio. La tasa dedetección ha ido aumentando con la cobertura del programa, acercándose a la incidencia estimadade hipoacusia neonatal

Early detection of hearing deficit in the neonatal period makes it possible to establish a rehabilitationprogram to enhance the communication capacity of infants born with hearing loss.With this aim,the health care authorities of many countries have implemented population-screening programs aimingthe early detection of neonatal deafness.Material and methods. The target population is made up of all newborn infants in Galicia.Screening was gradually introduced in all the Galician public maternity hospitals and some privateones from May 2002 to June 2008. The screening test was made by performing the automatedauditory brain response, preferentially performed prior to discharge from hospital.The screening unitsare formed by center’s own staff.The test is performed by nurses, performing the screening during theusual daily work in the nursery. If a unilateral or bilateral positive result is obtained before dischargefrom the maternity ward, the baby is referred for diagnostic confirmation.Results. Both the coverage and the participation rate increased from 46% and 69.11% in 2002to 89% and 99.78% in 2007, respectively, with 80,166 children screened during 6 years of experience.The global referral rate was 0.84% and the number of cases of deafness diagnosed was 64.Detection rate was 0.80 per one thousand children tested.Conclusions. Acceptance of the test by the parents has been very good, this being reflected inhigh participation that reached 99% in 2003 and has been maintained over successive years.The observedreferral rate of 0.84 % is relatively low, which is the reason for this study. The detection rate hasbeen increasing as the coverage of the program has been growing, approaching the estimated incidenceof neonatal deafness

Intraoperative radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has been considered for treatment of pancreas cancer since local recurrence rates are very high. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of IORT in pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature from January 1995 to February 2007, including Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science and HTA (Health Technology Assessment). By applying a series of inclusion criteria, two independent reviewers selected those studies in which a minimum of 30 patients received IORT and which furnished survival results based on a minimum 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Fourteen papers were included, one was an IORT assessment report, 5 were cohort studies, and the remaining 8 were case series studies, 2 of which belonged to the same series. In general, these studies showed that IORT could slightly increase survival among patients with pancreatic cancer in localized stages. However, the results were not conclusively in favor of IORT in the case of pancreatic cancer in locally advanced and metastatic stages. There were no published studies that assessed quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear evidence to indicate that IORT is more effective than other therapies in treating pancreatic cancer in locally advanced and metastatic stages.

Influencia de la gestación de bajo riesgo en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud percibida por las gestantes / Influence of low-risk pregnancy on self-perceived health-related quality of life in pregnant women

Objetivos: Valorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) percibida por las gestantes de bajo riesgo en comparación con los valores poblacionales de referencia para mujeres del mismo grupo de edad; determinar si la gestación de bajo riesgo puede modificar la CVRS percibida; relacionar los «cambios fisiológicos de la gestación» con la pérdida de calidad de vida percibida; obtener valores de CVRS de referencia del cuestionario Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short Form, o cuestionario SF-36, para gestantes del primer y tercer trimestres, dado que hasta la actualidad no hemos encontrado publicaciones españolas similares. Material y métodos: Encuesta transversal de prevalencia y comparación de 2 grupos independientes. Como instrumento de medición se utilizó el Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36). Conclusiones: Las gestantes presentan una pérdida estadísticamente significativa de las dimensiones físicas cuando se comparan con los valores poblacionales de referencia para mujeres del mismo intervalo de edad; esta pérdida es más significativa al progresar la gestación, es decir, la progresión cronológica del embarazo normal puede alterar la percepción en la calidad de vida percibida por las gestantes, especialmente en el campo físico. No se observan alteraciones en las dimensiones relacionadas con la función emocional o social. Los síntomas propios de la gestación, como las náuseas y los vómitos, son capaces de alterar las funciones física y emocional

Objectives: The aims of the present study were four-fold: to assess health-related quality of life (QoL) perceived by women with low-risk pregnancies in comparison with reference population values for women in the same age group; to determine whether low risk pregnancy by itself can modify perceived QoL; to determine the association between the physiological changes of pregnancy and perceived loss of QoL; to obtain reference values for QoL from the questionnaire Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) for expectant mothers in their first or third trimester, given that to date we have found no Spanish publications on the topic. Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of prevalence, with comparison of two independent groups. Measuring instrument: SF-36. Conclusions: The expectant mothers showed a statistically significant loss in physical dimensions in comparison with the reference population values for women in the same age group; this loss was more significant as the pregnancy progressed, that is, the chronological progression of a normal pregnancy is, by itself, able to alter the quality of life perceived by the pregnant women, especially in the physical domain. No changes in the dimensions related to social or emotional functions were observed. The typical symptoms of pregnancy such as nausea and vomiting are able to alter physical and emotional functions

Prevalencia y patrones de consumo de alcohol en una población de adolescentes / Prevalence and patterns of alcohol consumption in an adolescent population

No disponible